I have an occasional USB mouse problem. I am running Kubuntu 9.10 (some kind of K adjective with a K animal name).*
Sometimes when I insert my wireless USB mouse dongle into the computer it seemingly is not recognized. The mouse does not respond. However, when I do a dmesg I see output that indicates that the mouse is indeed recognized and is given all the credentials to work. If I unplug it and plug it back in enough it will eventually work just fine. But this sometimes needs more than 30 tries. I got frustrated this morning and went in search of a solution.
It is as simple as issuing this command in a terminal:
sudo modprobe usbhid
If you are having problems with other USB devices you can modprobe the kernel module for the device and it should work. I don't know what those would be since I have not had issues with other devices and looked them up. You can probably easily find your module on Google and just use the 'sudo modprobe xxx' command.
*I hate the Ubuntu names. Ubuntu's numbering system is the best I have ever seen. You can know your version based on when it was released. With the animal names I know it is alphabetical, but you have to know what the last letter was that was used to know if you have the latest. I take any opportunity I can to say this in hopes that the Ubuntu community will stop using the names to the exclusion of the version numbers. It is terrible to go to a help site and find that I have to get a chart out to see which version of Ubuntu the site is referring to. If you would just use the numbers it would clear up all doubt.